With the continuous improvement of printing quality requirements, higher requirements are also put on inks. Today, with the rapid development of science and technology, various inks continue to appear and are used in general printing, special printing, anti-counterfeiting printing and other fields. They not only require excellent print quality, but also meet various special needs such as environmental protection and anti-counterfeiting. Therefore, such as magnetic ink, fluorescent ink, photo-induced ink, temperature-induced ink, etc., so that the development of the printing industry jumped to a new height. The following is a brief introduction to the characteristics and uses of several high-tech special inks.

Nano ink

(1) Talking from the fineness and purity of ink

We know that the fineness and purity of ink have a great influence on the quality of printing. To print high-quality products, it is necessary to have fine and pure ink as guarantee. The fineness of the ink refers to the size of the pigment (including filler) particles in the ink and the uniformity of the pigment and filler distributed in the binder. It not only reflects the quality of the printed product, but also affects the durability of the printing plate. rate. The process practice shows that the screen printing of color printing products or the solid layout contains small negative characters and negative lines. The printing process is prone to paste-up, layout infection, and quality failures. If you do not check and analyze carefully, you may fall into misunderstandings. I thought that the consistency of the ink was uncomfortable, the viscosity was too large, the ink volume was too large, or the pressure was too large, and I made some wrong adjustments blindly. Who knows that it is caused by poor ink fineness. The fineness of the ink is directly related to the nature of the pigment and filler and the size of the particles. In general, inks made with inorganic pigments (excluding carbon black) have coarser particles. This has a great relationship with the ink rolling process. The more times the ink is ground during the rolling process, the more uniform it will be, the larger the contact surface of the pigment particles and the binder, the finer the ink particles, and the better and more stable the printing performance will be. Take the printed screen version as an example, there are many high- and mid-tone 1-4 dots on the layout. If the ratio of the ink particles to the area of ​​the dots is close, it is easy to make the dots empty or spread out, and even the dots are not smooth. The shortcomings of printing. Therefore, the higher the ink fineness, the more clear and full dots on the printed matter.

The fineness of the ink is low, the particles of the pigment are coarse, the coefficient of friction is large during printing, and the printing durability of the printing plate is low. It is also easy to produce paste and ink accumulation during printing, as well as uneven transmission and distribution of ink. The fineness of the ink can generally be judged by visual observation, that is, the surface scraped by the ink knife, if it shows a smooth and uniform visual effect, it means that the fineness of the ink is good; if the scraped surface appears small pieces If the rough layer is in the form of particles or particles, the fineness of the ink is poor. In addition, you can also use a piece of coated paper with a little ink layer, and then use another piece of paper to drag the ink layer, until the ink layer is dragged to a very thin layer, it is still very smooth, indicating that the ink is fine. If there are marks on the ink layer, it is obvious that the marks are caused by coarse particles of ink pigment and filler. Of course, the above is only based on empirical judgment, and the accuracy of judgment has certain limitations. To achieve standardized and data-based judgments, only by relying on the fineness meter to measure the size of the pigment particles can the fineness of the ink be detected more accurately. The method is: dilute the sample ink to a certain degree, put it in the deepest part of the fineness meter, and then use a scraper to move the groove (to maintain a uniform speed) to the shallowest place, and the ink can be seen on the scales on both sides of the groove The size of the particles can also be observed with a microscope to determine the size of the ink pigment particles.

(2) Characteristics of nano ink

Nanotechnology is an emerging scientific technology. Nanometer is a unit of length from 9m to 10m. The research object of this technology is mainly nanometer materials. Nanomaterials have now begun to penetrate various fields. In 1994, Massachusetts XMX Company of the United States has successfully obtained a patent for nano-scale uniform particle materials used in the manufacture of ink. Because the nano metal particles can absorb all the light waves and make them appear black, they also have a scattering effect on the light. Therefore, using these characteristics, nano metal particles can be added to black ink to make nano ink ink to improve its purity and density. In addition, semiconductor nanoparticles exhibit certain characteristics of light absorption due to the significant quantum size effect and surface effect.

Studies have shown that after the surface of nano-semiconductor particles is chemically modified, the medium around the particles can strongly affect their optical properties, manifested as red- or blue-shifted absorption spectra. The experiment proves that the light absorption edge of Cds nanoparticles has obvious blue shift, and the absorption edge of TiO2 nanoparticles shows a large redshift. According to this, if they are added to yellow and cyan inks to make nano inks, their purity can be improved. Using nano-ink with the addition of specific nano-particles to copy and print color prints, the layers will be richer, the tone will be more vivid, and the ability to express image details will also be greatly increased.

Now, with the help of high technology, various components in the ink (such as resins, pigments, fillers, etc.) can be made into nano-scale raw materials. In this way, due to its high fineness and good flow and lubricity, it can achieve better dispersion and stability, less pigment usage, high hiding power, good gloss, fine resin particle size, continuous film formation, uniform and smooth, The film is thin and the printed image is clearer. If it is used in UV ink, it can accelerate its curing speed, and at the same time eliminate the shrinkage and wrinkling phenomenon of the ink film due to the fine and uniform dispersion of the filler. In the printing ink of glass ceramics, if the inorganic raw material is composed of nanometer-level fineness, it will save a lot of raw materials and print more refined, beautiful and high-quality images. This has brought a huge change to the ink manufacturing industry, so that it does not rely on chemical pigments, but chooses the appropriate volume of nanoparticles to present different colors. Because some materials have different particle sizes and different colors when they are at the nanoscale, such as TiO2 and SiO2, the nanoparticles are white, Cr2O3 is green, Fe2O3 is brown, and inorganic nanomaterials such as nano Al2O3 have very Good fluidity, if added to the ink can greatly improve the wear resistance of the ink film. Nano-scale carbon ink is conductive, has a good shielding effect on static electricity, and prevents electrical signals from being interfered by external static electricity. If it is added to ink, it can be made into conductive ink, such as large-capacity integrated circuits, modern contact panel switches, etc. . In addition, if Ag is made into nano-scale instead of micro-scale Ag in conductive ink, 50% of Ag powder can be saved. This conductive ink can be printed directly on ceramics and metals. The ink film layer is thin and uniform and smooth, with very good performance it is good. If Cu and Ni materials are made into ultrafine particles of 0.1μm ～ 1μm, it can replace precious metals such as palladium and silver to conduct electricity. Therefore, combining nanotechnology with anti-counterfeiting technology will open up another vast world of anti-counterfeiting inks.

In addition, some nano-powder particles have their own luminescent groups and may emit light by themselves, such as "-N≡N-" nano-particles. Prints printed with this kind of particle ink do not need external light source to illuminate and can be recognized by the human eye. It can also be used for anti-counterfeiting printing; it can be used for outdoor large-scale advertising printing or nighttime Reading the graphic prints eliminates the need for external light sources, which not only saves energy but also greatly facilitates users.

Because nanoparticles have good surface wettability, they are adsorbed on the surface of the pigment particles in the ink, which can greatly improve the lipophilicity and wettability of the ink, and can ensure the stability of the entire ink dispersion system. Nano-ink printing performance has been greatly improved. It is believed that with the further development of nanomaterial technology, more nanomaterials with different characteristics will be recognized and utilized by people.

In electrostatic copying, the use of magnetic nano-toner instead of the widely used non-magnetic toner can eliminate the need to add ferromagnetic particles as a carrier to the non-magnetic toner, and make a single-component copying developer, which can save Raw materials, and can improve copy quality.

As for the source of nanomaterials. In fact, there are many methods for obtaining nanomaterials, such as high-temperature sintering method (such as carbon nanotube sintering technology), precipitation method, high-temperature dissolution method, chemical vapor coagulation method or modern plasma energy polymerization method. [next]

Cationic ink

In recent years, light curing (UV) technology in flexographic printing has played an important role in the printing of paper and film materials. UV technology has moved from narrow-width web relief printing to the flexographic printing market. In offset printing, we have also seen the advantages of the UV ink quick-drying system, which can shorten the printing cycle and reduce the workload. The most important feature of the UV curing system is that it can improve the printing stability (in terms of drying) and shorten the waiting time for oxidative drying during the printing process. In the past 10 years, UV printing has brought a great impact on tradition, mainly for flexographic printing on plastic substrates.

Today, there is a new type of ink-cationic ink. It adds a guarantee for improving the environmental protection and quality of flexographic printing. Compared with free radical systems, cationic inks have the advantages of low volatility and low odor, which can be said to be a very good environmentally friendly ink. The odor of free radical ink is a headache, it is harmful to the health of the operators and the environment. The cationic ink (low volatility ink) has a great advantage in this respect, and now it can even be used in some food packaging industries. Cationic inks also have the advantage of attaching to plastic substrates. Cationic inks and coated glazes exhibit particularly good adhesion to the radii-treated substrates, which is the most critical of all advantages.

Compared with free radical inks, cationic inks have a moderate curing speed (this is slightly inferior to free radical inks), and can be secondary cured (approximately extended to 24 hours), without preventing oxidation, humidity effects are slight, no shrinkage, plastic Features such as excellent sex.

Although in terms of curing speed, free radical ink can be dried under high speed printing, while the curing speed of cationic ink is slightly behind. However, recent research and development shows that the improved cationic ink can also be adapted to printing from 150m / min to 200m / min.

The advantage of secondary curing is that when the printed product is output from the printing machine, the ink film looks as if it has been cured, but there is still some reaction (not dry out). Cationic curing technology can continue to react until most of these materials have reacted. In contrast, radical inks can only be completely dried by exposure to UV light. And this process will lead to higher volatilization, especially low molecular weight components that do not react are more likely to volatilize. The cured polymer usually has a high molecular weight and generally does not volatilize. The volatilization of volatiles is also reflected in the extractable components. The content of extractable ingredients is an increasingly important feature of testing food packaging systems. Especially as an analysis technique, the content of extractable ingredients is one part per billion, and even the content of one part per trillion is now being discussed as an indicator of the content of packaging products. The shrinkage of cationic ink is small, so it has good adhesion characteristics.

In the current situation where the call for green environmental protection is increasing day by day, the packaging and printing field requires products that are suitable for environmental protection. Food packaging should comply with the CEPE standard in the industry standard. In terms of ink, it is necessary to continuously solve the content of harmful substances such as lead, benzene, aromatic compounds, ethyl glycol, etc. in the ink to ensure its safety to food and supplies and the health of printing personnel. Judging from the results achieved by the ink industry, the results are still very encouraging. In 1974, the lead in the ink pigment was removed; in the late 1970s, the cellosolve (ethyl glycol) was removed; in the early 1980s, the toluene in the food packaging instructions was removed; in the late 1980s, the related benzidine yellow Pigments; in the early 1990s, the use of phthalic acid plasticizers was reduced. In the initial stage of the development of cationic inks (mid-1980s), the content of some of the above harmful substances did not meet the regulatory standards. For example, benzene is a by-product produced by the production of cationic inks. Popular aromatic compounds and so on, these are all prohibited ingredients listed in the printing and food packaging ink regulations. Therefore, the cationic ink has not been widely used in the initial stage. Up to now, some units still adopt a wait-and-see attitude, but after continuous improvement, the content of these harmful substances finally reached the industry standard. For example, benzene, in the cationic inks produced today, its content is extremely low, and it cannot be detected at all using ordinary analytical techniques. Many test results on printed matter and printing environment also show that no benzene is found. The content of these substances is generally in the range of a few parts per billion (usually a single digit), which means that packaging products using photoinitiators no longer produce benzene. Looking at the development prospects of cationic inks, I believe that most printing units will still choose cationic inks with excellent characteristics. Although some customers currently have plans to abandon the use of cationic inks, it shows great advantages in the printing process and will certainly be recognized by customers. We believe that with the development of science and technology and the improvement of the ink industry, we must find a good solution to some of the deficiencies of cationic inks, like the excellent records mentioned above. Therefore, we must all have a positive attitude and technical direction to these and better adapt to the new standards.

(1) Cationic film adhesive

The printing speed of gravure printing is very fast, when it is coated with adhesive afterwards, it may appear that there is no drying (the presence of a solvent), or it needs to wait a day to let it cure to a certain strength. In flexographic printing, an adhesive is generally used on the printing machine unit, and the film is cured and cured at a normal printing speed. Within a few minutes, the printed film can be cured, and it is cut on the printing machine to the finished product. , And then hand it over directly to the customer. In this case, the use of UV adhesives does not have the problem of volatilization of the solvent and the generation of harmful odors. The printing plant uses a newly developed white pigment binder to remove the traditional solvent problems caused by back white, and then coats the white ink. Solve the problem of the original solvent retention. Today, using a cationic adhesive coating, it is easy to reduce the residual solvent content per square meter to very low. This kind of coating can be used on materials such as polyethylene, polyether, and metal sheet.

(2) Cationic ink-shrink film

The vast majority of the shrink film market is occupied by solvent-based gravure printing, and very few are derived from solvent-based flexo printing. In fact, anhydrous ink is used. Flexo printers have found that the ink system that achieves the expected quality in flexo printing is UV-curable ink, which has no solvent evaporation and has good printing consistency. But when the shrinkage reaches 70%, the adhesion of free volatile ink and mixed dry ink is poor. The cationic ink has passed this required test and has become a unique ink system for OPS, PVC and OPP materials. The advantages of cationic inks in management and storage are obvious. [next]

Electronic ink

With the continuous network and digitalization of printing technology, digital offset printing has begun to spread at home and abroad, and a new type of ink suitable for digital offset printing presses, electronic ink, has also been used by people. Electronic ink contains charged liquid ink particles, which makes it possible to electronically control the position of printing particles in digital printing. Electronic ink can reach very small particles (1 microns to 2 microns), such small particles enable printing to achieve higher resolution and smoothness, sharpen the edges of the image, and form an extremely thin image layer. Electronic inks are now working in the following areas.

(1) Standard basic color CMYK;
(2) The wide-color gamut six-color setting adds orange, red and purple, making the color reproduction ability much higher than the original four-color based color reproduction ability;
(3) Indigo spot color system compatible with PANTONE;
(4) Opaque white coating of colorless printing materials;
(5) Fluorescent ink. Indigo's color digital offset printing presses provide a unique combination of functions. The printing presses all use electronic inks (that is, Indigo's unique liquid inks).

Electronic inks generally have the following advantages:

(1) High brightness, high definition and durability. Manufacturers use the same ingredients as traditional inks, but only charged inks to make electronic inks. Therefore, electronic inks are similar to traditional inks printed on paper, but when matched with paper, the brightness and contrast are very high. And can have a 180-degree viewing angle.

(2) Low energy consumption. Once the white paint particles are driven to a state where an image has appeared, the image may disappear (because there is no additional energy support), but this did not exist for electronic ink.

(3) Strong printability. Electronic ink can be applied to almost all materials, it can be printed to textiles, paper, plastics and many other materials. We know that the LCD is displayed on glass, but it is heavy and fragile. The electronic ink can be displayed on the plastic surface, which makes it ultra-thin, flexible and not fragile. Electronic ink is an ink. If someone accidentally gets splashed by electronic ink when entering the laboratory, the person becomes a walking display.

Printing with electronic ink is very easy. For example: it can be used for web printing, it is estimated that it can also be used for glossy advertising paper and other large format labels in the near future. Today, electronic ink has begun to cooperate with other electronic devices. For example, E-Ink recently claimed to cooperate with IBM to jointly develop a world-class SVGA-type electronic ink-type display. It is estimated that electronic ink-type displays may be put on the market in the last one or two years. Allegedly, electronic ink will also cooperate with the emerging changes in the entire publishing industry in the field of printed electronics. Here, E-Ink and Lucent Technologies have produced the world's first fully printed display. Their ultimate goal is to print on one piece of paper with ink on one side and electronic ink on the other.

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