The team led by researcher Qin Qiwei of the Key Laboratory of Sustainable Use of Marine Living Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (relying on the South China Sea Institute of Oceanography) has made breakthrough progress in the research of miRNA encoded by marine viruses. Team member Dr. Yan Yang and others first identified and verified a new marine virus, the grouper iridescent virus, which encodes a functional miRNA. The research results have been published in the internationally renowned comprehensive academic journal "Public Science Library-Comprehensive" (Yan, et al. 2011. Identification of a Novel Marine Fish Virus, Singapore Grouper Iridovirus-Encoded MicroRNAs Expressed in Grouper Cells by Solexa Sequencing. PloS ONE. 2011. 6 (4): e19148).

Iridovirus (iridovirus) is a type of macromolecular DNA virus that infects invertebrates and lower aquatic vertebrates extensively, and poses a great threat to marine wildlife and marine aquaculture animals. Grouper iridescent virus (Singapore grouper iridovirus, SGIV) is a new type of highly pathogenic iridescent virus isolated by the team from marine aquarium grouper. It is the most important virality of marine fish in China and Southeast Asia. One of the pathogens. However, at present, the molecular mechanism of SGIV infection is still not very clear, and there is a lack of effective prevention and treatment methods.

Viral-encoded miRNAs are in the ascendant, and because of their short length and lack of immunogenicity, they have become new targets for the treatment of diseases. In order to reveal whether SGIV encodes miRNA during its infection, the grouper embryo cells infected with SGIV at different stages were mixed to construct a small RNA library for Illumina / Solexa RNA deep sequencing. Through a series of bioinformatics analysis, 16 miRNA sequences encoded by SGIV were finally determined, one of which has high homology with miR-H4-5p encoded by herpes simplex virus type 2, suggesting that miRNA has certain degree in distant virus species Conservative. These 16 newly discovered miRNAs are scattered in the SGIV genome, three of which are located in ORF057L. At the same time, it was found that the miRNA encoded by SGIV has sequence or length heterogeneity at the 3 or 5 ends, which may affect its recognition with the target gene. Fluorescence quantitative PCR and luciferase reporter gene analyzed the expression levels and potential biological activities of these 16 miRNAs, and confirmed that 11 miRNAs were indeed present in SGIV-infected grouper embryo cells and played a biological function.

Previously, only human and mammalian encoding miRNAs have been reported, and most of them are reported by members of the Herpesviridae family. The study confirmed for the first time internationally that marine viruses can also encode functional miRNAs, pushing miRNA research to a new level.

The research was funded by the National Outstanding Youth Fund, the National Key Basic Research Program ("973" Program) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Knowledge Innovation Project, an important direction project.

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